Water reuse and health risks — real vs . perceived
نویسنده
چکیده
An increasing drive for water efficiency is leading to a corresponding growing interest in a variety of water recycling initiatives to assist in water efficiency efforts. While available knowledge and technologies exist to provide suitable fit-for-purpose recycled water, concern exists relating to water quality issues, particularly microbial pathogens and chemicals-of-concern. At times these concerns result in the requirement for overtreatment of recycled water, which can lead to potentially valuable water reuse projects becoming too costly and inefficient to be viable. The risks from both microbial pathogens and chemicals-of-concern can vary depending on the type of recycled water, the type of pathogen or chemical present and their numbers or concentration, the water treatment employed and the resulting use of the recycled water. Pathogens and chemicals-of-concern can vary in their ability to resist treatment and their survival in receiving environments. In addition, the risks associated with these contaminants depend on their ability to cause illness in susceptible members of the community. The presence of pathogens and chemicals-of-concern in recycled waters, the effectiveness of treatment methods to remove them and their persistence in the environment were examined.
منابع مشابه
Drivers of Microbial Risk for Direct Potable Reuse and de Facto Reuse Treatment Schemes: The Impacts of Source Water Quality and Blending
Although reclaimed water for potable applications has many potential benefits, it poses concerns for chemical and microbial risks to consumers. We present a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) Monte Carlo framework to compare a de facto water reuse scenario (treated wastewater-impacted surface water) with four hypothetical Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) scenarios for Norovirus, Cryptospor...
متن کاملHealth Effects Associated with Wastewater Treatment, Reuse, and Disposal.
A review of the literature published in 2014 on topics relating to public and environmental health risks associated with wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: wastewater management, microbial hazards, chemical hazards, wastewater reuse, wastewater treatment plants, wastewater disposal, and sludge and biosolids.
متن کاملHealth implications of increasing reuse of wastewater as an adaption to climate change
With climate change and a burgeoning future world population there will be an increased need to reuse treated wastewater for a variety of uses including domestic water supplies as a water conservation measure. While there are technologies for partial treatment for the reuse of wastewater, in some areas of the world there is presently unregulated reuse of wastewater for agricultural irrigation a...
متن کاملRelevance and Benefits of Urban Water Reuse in Tourist Areas
Urban water reuse is one of the most rapidly growing water reuse applications worldwide and one of the major elements of the sustainable management of urban water cycle. Because of the high probability of direct contact between consumers and recycled water, many technical and regulatory challenges have to be overcome in order to minimize health risks at affordable cost. This paper illustrates t...
متن کامل